Matthew Locke (c.1621–1677) was an English baroque composer and music theorist. As a boy he was trained in the choir of Exeter Cathedral under Edward Gibbons, the brother of Orlando Gibbons. At the age of eighteen Locke travelled in the Netherlands, and possibly converted to Roman Catholicism. Locke, with Christopher Gibbons (the son of Orlando Gibbons), composed the score for Cupid and Death, the 1653 masque by Caroline-era playwright James Shirley. Their score for that work is the sole surviving score for a dramatic work from that era.

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