In 1925, Voskovec (1905 - 1981) with Werich (1905 - 1980) founded the Osvobozené divadlo (Liberated Theater), which after two years ultimately changed into a center for Czech clownery, a reaction to contemporary political and societal problems. Their performances were strictly anti-fascist, which led to the closure of the Liberated Theater after the Nazi occupation in 1938. Both Voskovec and Werich fled to the United States in early 1939.

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